Case study on supply-demand characteristics and configuration strategies in low-carbon park energy systems

Low-carbon parks are essential for achieving the goal of carbon peaking in the field of urban and rural development in China. Establishing an efficient, stable, and sustainable energy system requires a coordinated supply-demand balance. This study proposes three optimization strategies: demand-side carbon reduction priority, supply-side carbon reduction priority, and supply-demand balance optimization. Quantitative analysis is conducted through modeling and simulation based on typical cases. The results show that the demand-side carbon reduction priority strategy suits newly built parks with high building energy efficiency standards, focusing on ultra-low and nearly zero energy buildings planning, reducing demand and alleviating supply pressure for long-term benefits within the life cycle. The supply-side carbon reduction priority strategy is ideal for parks where retrofitting is challenging and short-term returns are critical, leveraging solar and geothermal energy on a large scale and enhancing green power self-sufficiency for long-term benefits. The supply-demand balance optimization strategy fits parks with diverse building types and energy efficiency levels, integrating hierarchical energy-saving measures and multi-energy optimization to balance investment, operation, and scalability. Finally, this study summarizes the technical applicability, economic performance, and promotion value of different energy configuration schemes, and proposes long-term development recommendations, providing actionable and scalable decision-making references for the planning and construction of low-carbon parks in China.